Detecting Anti-Cancer Substance in Aquilaria Crassna

23/11/21

Trầm Tuệ

The plant contains the active ingredient mangiferin - according to research, it has antiviral effects against chickenpox and shingles, synthesizes interferon in blood cells, and increases resistance. Most of all, it has anti-oxidant and anti-cancer properties.

What is Mangiferin?

Mangiferin was first found around 1922-1923. It was not until 1985, when some Russian scientists reported the effect of mangiferin on Herpes virus, that this compound began to be noticed. Currently, mangiferin is mainly isolated from mango leaves.(1)

Structure Mangiferin is extracted from the plants Hedurasum alpinum L and Hedurasum flavercens of the Butterfly family Fabaceae or from the leaves of Mango (Mangiferin indica) and is currently detected in the leaves of the plant.

IUPAC Nomenclature: (1S)-1,5-Anhydro-1-(1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxy-9-oxo-9H-xanthen-2-yl)-D-glucitol. Scientific name: 2-C-β-glucopyranozido-1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthon. Molecular formula: C19H18O11 (Figure 1) Molecular Mass: 422.34 g/mol Nature Needle-shaped crystals, thin sheets or flakes, greenish-yellow, odorless or light odor, slightly bitter, pungent taste. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in hot methanol, ethanol and acetone, more readily soluble in mixtures of the above solvents with water. Melting point: 269-270 degrees Celsius.

Figure 1: The structure of mangiferin.

Bioactivity and applications

Mangiferin is also known as alpizarine. This is a polyphenol compound belonging to the natural xanthan-C-glycoside group, mainly distributed in higher plants, with many interesting biological activities such as activity against HIV virus and enhancement of immunity. 1), anti-herpes antiviral activity (2.3), antidiabetic activity (4,5) and antitumor activity (6,7). In Vietnam, mangiferin has been studied in the form of eye drops containing 2% mangiferin suspension to treat eye diseases caused by Herpes simplex virus (8).

Mangiferin is a xanthone compound with valuable biological activities such as antibacterial, antioxidant, type II 5α-reductase inhibitory effects in vitro, gastroprotective and antidiabetic effects in rodents. Therefore, from January 2014 to December 2015, the research team at the Vietnam Institute of Industrial Chemistry, led by Master Nguyen Ngoc Thanh, carried out: "Research to isolate the active ingredient mangiferin from Aquilaria crassna Pierre leaves and preparation of products for application in the production of functional foods”.

After conducting the research, the topic has achieved many positive results. For example: Experimental preparation of 1 kg of functional food products that are used to indicate acute and recurrent herpes (genital and extra-genital), eczema Caposi, chickenpox, oral diseases caused by caused by viruses.

Mangiferin - Detecting anti-cancer substances in Aquilaria Crassna.

In 2019, after 2 years of research, a group of scientists from the Nano Laboratory of the Center for Research and Development - High Industrial Park in Ho Chi Minh City (SHTP Labs) succeeded in extracting mangiferin from the leaves of the plant. so elected. Mr. Mai Ngoc Tuan Anh, a member of the research team of SHTP Labs, said that mangiferin is an organic compound that accounts for 1-2% of the content of mango leaves or leaves of the tree. Mangiferin properties in leaves of dó bau or mango leaves have anti-cancer, antibacterial and antiviral effects. Especially effective anti-oxidant effect.

Mechanism of action of Mangiferin on human health Mangiferin contains the active ingredient Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) which has the strongest antioxidant activity of the flavonoids group. They are effective in reducing chronic diseases associated with oxidative stress. The imbalance in the formation of oxygenated free radicals in the body is the cause of diseases such as atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, diabetes, cancer, rapid aging,... (Medical research) of Tokushima University - Japan concluded).

In addition, mangiferin also helps prevent the increase of total cholesterol and bad cholesterol in the blood, promote lipolysis, ... Thereby preventing the risk of cardiovascular diseases such as high blood fat, atherosclerosis...

Mangiferin is reported to increase glucose breakdown and limit glucose formation. They work by acting on enzymes in both hydrolysis and synthesis. Thereby, reducing high blood sugar caused by excess carbohydrates or excessive glucose production.

Mangiferin modulates biological processes involved in metabolism and dysregulation

Note:

(1) Master's Thesis by Bui Thi Hoa - Research on extracting active ingredient mangiferin from Aquilaria crassna pierre leaves, application in pharmaceuticals and functional foods - September 28, 2015
(2) S. Guha, S. Ghosal, U. Chattopadhyay, Antitumor, immunomodulatory and anti-HIV effect of mangiferin, a naturally occurring glucosylxanthone, Chemotherapy, 42(6) (1996) 443-451.
(3) M.S. Zheng, Z.Y.Lu, Antiviral effect of mangiferin and isomangiferin on herpes simplex virus, Chinese
Medical Journal, 10(1) (1989) 85-90.
(4) Y.X.M. Zhu, J.X. Song, Z.Z. Huang, Y.M. Wu, M.J.Yu, Antiviral activity of mangiferin against herpes simplex virus type 2 in vitro. Zhongguo Yaoli Xuebao, 14(5) (1993) 452-454.
(5) H. Ichiki, T. Miura, M. Kubo, E. Ishihara, Y. Komatsu, K. Tanigawa, M. Okada, New antidiabetic compounds, mangiferin and its glucoside, Biol. Pharm. Bull., 21(12) (1998) 1389-1390.
(6) T. Miura, H. Ichiki, I. Hashimoto, N. Iwamoto, M. Kato, M. Kubo, E. Ishihara, Y. Komatsu, M. Okada, T. Ishida, K. Tanigawa, Antidiabetic activity of a xanthone compound, mangiferin, Phytomedicine, 8(2) (2001) 85-87.
(7) T. Miura, H. Ichiki, I. Hashimoto, N. Iwamoto, M. Kato, M. Kubo, E. Ishihara, Y. Komatsu, M.Okada, T. Ishida, K. Tanigawa, Antidiabetic activity of a xanthone compound, mangiferin, Phytomedicine, 8(2) (2001) 85-87.
(8) P.B. Pal, K. Sinha, P.C.Sil, Mangiferin, a natural xanthone, protects murine liver in Pb(ii) induced damage and cell death via MAP Kinase, NFkB and mitochondria dependent pathways; PLoS One, 8 (2013) e56894.
(9) S. Agarwala, K. Mudholkar, R. Bhuwania, B.S. Satish Rao, Mangiferin, a dietary xanthone protects against mercury-induced toxicity in HepG2 cells, Environmental Toxicology, 27 (2012) 117–127.
(10) Tran Huu Dung, Research on the irritating ability of mangiferin suspension eye drops on rabbit eyes, Journal of Pharmacology, 53 (2013) 44-49

The article uses documents: Journal of Science and Technology 140 (2020) - Research on isolation of mangiferin compounds from mango tree leaves - Hanoi University of Science and Technology - Le Huyen Tam, Nguyen Van Thong, Dinh Thi Thu Hien